Some children with epilepsy experience behavioural problems and/or learning difficulties. It is important to remember that simply because a child has epilepsy it does not follow that every other problem is also related to their epilepsy. Behavioural problems and learning difficulties can have many different causes, for example:

• The severity of the epilepsy. If seizures are occuring frequently a child's everyday life may be affected.
• Any damage to the brain could cause a number of symptoms. These can include seizures, learning difficulties and behavioural problems.
• The area of the brain in which epileptic activity is occuring. For instance, if it is in the part of the brain concerned with memory, then learning difficulties may be experienced.
• The type of seizure. For example, when someone is experiencing a complex partial seizure they may appear to others as if their behaviour is strange or abnormal. More information on seizure types
• Sub-clinical seizure activity. This refers to continuous epileptic activity taking place in the brain without any obvious outward signs.
• The duration of seizures. Prolonged seizure activity may be accompanied by confusion, inappropriate behaviour etc.
• Anti-epileptic medication. Some Anti-Epileptic Drugs can have a negative effect on a child's behaviour.
• Psychological and social factors, such as family and peer attitudes as well as self-image.

There is also research that suggests that some children with epilepsy experience learning difficulties in specific subject areas, most notably mathematics and reading. The educational psychologist has a role to play in suggesting ways that these can be overcome.

Whatever the reason for a child's epilepsy, it is important to bear in mind that the epilepsy is only a part of that child's life and that the child needs to allowed to participate in school in the same way as any of his or her peers.

Further information on these issues can be obtained from Epilepsy Action by using the Email Helpline or if you live in the UK, by phoning the Freephone Helpline on 0808 800 5050.