How epilepsy can affect education

There are many reasons why a child with epilepsy might have special educational needs (SEN). Some of these reasons are described below.

Seizures

Seizures can mean that your child loses learning time. This can be direct (for example due to absence seizures in lessons) or indirect (for example if your child needs to rest after a seizure). Partial seizures can distract a child from their task, or cause strange or repetitive behaviours, which might not be recognised as a seizure by school staff. 

Difficulties with memory, concentration and skills

Epilepsy can interfere with the way the brain works. Many people with epilepsy experience difficulties with short and long term memory, and this can lead to difficulties in picking up skills and information.

Underlying damage to the brain and sensory impairments

If the epilepsy is a result of damage to the brain, there may be other effects such as changes to personality or behaviour, and learning difficulties or disabilities. This might include difficulties in specific skill areas such as language and memory. Some people with epilepsy have impairments to their senses. 

Sub-clinical seizure activity

This is epileptic activity which disrupts brain activity, without a seizure happening. This type of activity is quite rare. It can impair the brain’s processes, although the person might appear not to be affected.

Anti-epileptic medication (AEDs)

The routine medicines taken for epilepsy can have side-effects including dizziness and sleepiness, and some can affect memory. Some AEDs can also cause changes to mood or behaviour, making children depressed, confused or hyperactive. 

Psychological factors

The diagnosis of epilepsy can be a long and complex process. Being diagnosed with epilepsy can have a big impact on the child and their family, and this may affect the child’s behaviour. Some children with epilepsy feel isolated or different, and some feel angry or guilty about their condition. Relationships within the family may also be altered by a diagnosis of a long term condition.

Social factors

The attitudes and behaviour of others can have a significant effect on a child with epilepsy. This includes being treated differently by adults such as teachers and teaching assistants, as well as by other children. The attitudes of other children will be affected if a child with epilepsy is excluded from activities.

• Epilepsy awareness project for primary schools