Stress and epilepsy

What is stress?

The term ‘stress' has several meanings, but the definition being used here refers to psychological or emotional strain or tension. Stress itself does not cause epilepsy, but many people with epilepsy find that it can trigger their seizures, or at least make them more likely.

Stress and health

Stress can be a pleasurable experience, such as excitement or anticipation of a forthcoming event or treat. Or it can be unpleasant, such as anxiety relating to an impending job interview or exam, for example. Either way, a certain amount of stress is unavoidable and may even be considered beneficial, to give you the required stimulation and motivation to help you achieve your goals. However, too much stress can become a problem if it affects your health and well-being, or in the case of some people with epilepsy, if it triggers seizures.

Individual differences

People respond to stress in different ways and what one person sees as a stressful situation may not be so to another. Similarly, people have different stress thresholds. For example, one person may have a very stressful lifestyle but remain seizure free, while another person finds that seizures always occur when they feel under pressure. Some research has shown that people are more likely to have seizures when they are bored, than when occupied and doing something they enjoy.

Why does stress trigger seizures in some people with epilepsy?

According to research, stress can cause changes in the brain which affect how the nerve cells work with each other, especially those around any damaged areas of the brain. This can increase the risk of seizures occurring.

Some people can become afraid of their seizures and this can cause stress. In some cases this can become a vicious circle, with the fear causing seizures and seizures causing fear.

Coping strategies

If stress has a role in triggering your seizures, then coping strategies may be useful. Learning how to reduce or eliminate stress can be of help. This may simply mean recognising your own particular stress factors and perhaps changing your lifestyle to reduce these. Or you may find relaxation techniques helpful. Such techniques could include yoga or exercise or simply having time to yourself. Reflexology, massage or even aromatherapy may help to relieve the tensions causing stress. Whichever method you use, the point is to ensure that it is enjoyable and safe. For example, some aromatherapy oils should not be used with people with epilepsy as they can trigger seizures.

• Download our Stress factsheet

Information updated 26 October 2005.

If you would like any more information about epilepsy, then please contact Epilepsy Action via the Email Helpline or, if you live in the UK, by phoning the Freephone Helpline on 0808 800 5050.